Machine learning is a set of methods embedded in a mathematical model used by Data Science, to classify, explain or predict an event or phenomenon.

The term learning comes from the fact that the model contains adjustable parameters that can be adapted to the observed data in such a way as to seek the optimal result.

In the chart above, the objective was to analyze the historical prices of US stocks in order to create sets by affinity or behavior (clusters). and, below, a didactic sequence, using training data (fraction of experimental data):

Once trained, the model can be subjected to new data for classification or prediction:

And, ending with a practical example of Machine Learning, given the length and width dimensions of the petals and sepals of 3 flowers of the genus Iris, we were able to predict the species.